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Antioxidants in general
Abbott RA, Cox M, Markus H, Tomkins A. Diet, body size and micronutrient status in Parkinson´s disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 46:879-84, 1992.
Azen SP, Qian D, Mack W, et al. Effect of supplementary antioxidant vitamin intake on carotid arterial wall intima-media thickness in a controlled clinical trial of cholesterol lowering. Circulation 94;10:2369-72, 1996.
Bhat KS. Nutritional status of thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine in cataract patients. Nutr Rep Int 363:685-92, 1987.
Boers GH. Hyperhomocysteinaemia: A newly recognized risk factor for vascular disease. Neth J Med 45:1:34-41, 1994.
Boniton-Kopp C, Coudray C, Berr C, et al. Combined effects of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status on carotid atherosclerosis in a population aged 59-71 y: The Eva study. Am J Clin Nutr 65:121-7, 1997.
Brattström L. Vitamins as homocysteine-lowering agents: A mini review. Presentation at the American Institute of Nutrition Colloquium, April 13, 1995, Atlanta, Georgia; Brattström L. Vitamins as homocysteine-lowering agents. J Nutr 126:4 Suppl:1276S-1280S, 1996.
Calzada C, Bruckdorfer K, Rice-Evans C. The influence of antioxidant nutrients on platelet function in healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis 128;1: 97-105, 1997.
Cerhan JR, Wallace RB, Folsom AR. Antioxidant intake and risk of Parkinson´s Disease in older women. Am J Epidemiol 139;11:S65, 1994.
De Lorgeril , Boissonnat P, Salen P, et al. The beneficial effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on platelet aggregation and cyclosporine treatment in heart transplant recipients. Transplantation 58:193-4, 1994.
De Rijk MC et al. Dietary antioxidants and Parkinson disease: The Rotterdam study. Arch Neurology 54:762-5, 1997.
Ely J. Crary, Smyrna, Georgia, USA - quoted in Zarrow S. Keep your eyes young and sharp. Prevention March, 1985, pp. 74-80; Crary E. Antioxidant treatment of macular degeneration of the aging and macularedema in diabetic retinopathy. South Med J 80 no. 9, supple 3:38, 1987.
Fahn S. An open trial of high-dosage antioxidants in early Parkinson´s disease. Am J Clin Nutr 53:380S-1S, 1991.
Gartside PS, Glueck CJ. Relationship of dietary intake to hospital admission for coronary heart and vascular disease: The NHANES II National Probability Study. J Am Coll Nutr 12:6:5676-84, 1993.
Ghosh S, et al. Dietary intake and plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in health and disease: A hospital-based case-control study. J Nutr Environ Med 5:235-42, 1995.
Grimes JD et al. Prevention of progression of Parkinson´s disease with antioxidative therapy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 122-3:165-72, 1988.
Hankinson S, Stampfer M, Seddon J, et al. Nutrient intake and cataract extraction in women: A prospective study. BMJ 305: 335-9, 1992.
Heliovaara M, Knekt P, Aho K, et al. Serum antioxidants and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 53: 51-3, 1994.
Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree L, et al. Serial coronary angiographic evidence that antioxidant vitamin intake reduces progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis. JAMA 273;23:1849-54, 1995.
Ince S. Vitamin Supplements may help delay onset of AIDS. Medical Tribune September 9, p.18, 1993.
Jacques PF, Chylack LT Jr, McGandy RB, Hartz SC. Antioxidant status in persons with and without senile cataract. Arch Ophthalmol 106:3:337-40, 1988.
Jacques PF, Chylack LT Jr. Epidemiologic evidence of a role for the antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids in cataract prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 352S-5S, 1991.
Jacques PH et al. Vitamin intake and senile cataract. J Am Coll Nutr 6:5:435, 1987.
Jain VK, Chandra RK. Does nutritional deficiency predispose to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)? Nutr Res 4:537-43, 1984.
Jariwalla RJ. Micro-nutrient imbalance in HIV infection and AIDS: Relevance to pathogenesis and therapy. J Nutr Environ Med 5:297-306, 1995.
Knekt P, Reunanen A, Jarvinen R, et al. Antioxidant vitamin intake and coronary mortality in an longitudinal population study. Am JEpidemiol 139:1180-9, 1994.
Knekt P, Heliovaara M, Rissanan A, et al. Serum antioxidant vitamins and risk of cataract. BMJ 305:1392-4, 1992.
Kritchevsky SB, Shimakawa T, Tell GS, et al. Dietary antioxidants and carotid artery wall thickness: The ARIC study. Circulation 92:8:2142-50, 1995.
Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, et al. A prospective study of antioxidant vitamins and incidence of coronary heart disease in women. Abstract. J Am Coll Nutr 11:5:633, 1992.
Mares-Perlman J, Klein R, Klein B, et al. Relationship between age-related maculopathy and intake of vitamin and mineral supplements. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 34:1133, 1993.
McAlindon TE, Jacques P, Zhang Y, et al. Do antioxidant micronutrients protect against the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis? Arthritis Rheum 39(4): 648-56,1996.
Mastroiacovo P et al. Antioxidant Vitamins and Immunodeficiency. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 66:141-5, 1996.
Mooradian AD et al. Selected Vitamin and Mineral in Diabetes. Diabetes Care 17; 464-79, 1994.
Newsome D et al. The trace element and antioxidant economy of the human macula: Can dietary supplementation influence the course of macular degeneration? J Am Coll Nutr 10:5:536, 1991.
Olson RJ. Supplemental dietary antioxidant vitamins and minerals in patients with macular degeneration. J Am Coll Nutr 10:5:550, 1991.
Olszewski AJ et al. Reduction of plasma lipid and homocysteine levels by pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, choline, riboflavin, and troxerutin in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 75:1:1-6, 1989.
Pories WJ, Henzel JH, Hennessen JA. Proc U of Missouri First Annual Conference on Trace Substances in the Environment and Health, 1967. 1968:114.
Rath M, Pauling L. A unified theory of human cardiovascular disease leading the way to the abolition of this disease as a cause for human mortality. J Orthomol Med 7:1:5-15, 1992.
Singh R, Niaz M, Bishnol J, et al. Diet, antioxidant vitamins, oxidative stress, and risk of coronary artery disease. Acta Cardiol 49:5:453-67, 1994.
Singh RB, Ghosh S, Niaz MA, et al. Dietary intake, plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress in relation to coronary artery disease in elderly subjects. Am J Cardiol 76:1233-8, 1995.
Singh RB, Niaz MA, Ghosh S, et al. Dietary intake and plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in health and disease: A hospital-based case-control study. J Nutr Environ Med 5:235-42, 1995.
Singal PK, Kapur N, Dhillon KS et al. Role of free radicals in catecholamine induced cardiomyopathy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 60:1390, 1982.
Snodderly DM. Evidence for protection against age-related macular degeneration by carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins. Am J Clin Nutr 62:suppl:1448S-61S, 1995.
Tang A, Graham N, Kirby A, et al. Dietary micronutrient intake and the risk of progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) infected homosexual men. Am J Epidemiol 138: 937-51, 1993.
Tang AM, Graham NM, Saah AJ. Effects of Micronutrient Intake on Survival in Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Infection. Am J Epidemiol 143:1244-56, 1996.
Tavani A et al. Food and nutrient intake and risk of cataract. Ann Epidemiol 6:41-6, 1996.
Tolonen, Matti: Fria radikaler och antioxidantia i biologi och medicin. Vitaminers og spormineralers betydning for velfærdssygdomme. (Significance of vitamins and traceminerals in disease), Rigshospitalets Symposium, Pharma Nord Research, 1988 (in Danish/Swedish).
Vitale S, West S, Hallfrish H, et al. Plasma antioxidants and risk of cortical and nuclear cataract. Epidemiology 4:195-203, 1993.
Ward RJ et al. Reduced antioxidant status in patients with chronic alcoholic myopathy. Biochem Soc Trans 16:581, 1988.
Ward RJ, Peters TJ. The antioxidant status of patients with either alcohol-induced liver damage or myopathy. Alcohol Alcohol 27;4:359-65, 1992.
West S, Vitale S, Hallfrisch J, et al. Are antioxidants or supplements protective for age-related macular degeneration? Arch Ophthalmol 112:222-7, 1994.
Woodside J et al. The effects of vitamin supplementation on cardiovascular risk. J Inherit Metabol Dis 19:Suppl 1:26/P51, 1996.
Vitamin A and beta-carotene
Band P.R. et al. Treatment of Benign Breast Disease with Vitamin A. Prev Med 549-54, 1984.
Bendich A. Symposium conclusions: Biological actions of carotenoids. J Nutr 119: 112-5, 1989.
Bichler KH et al. Influence of vitamin A deficiency on the excretion of uromucoid and other substances in the urine of rats. Clin Nephrol 20:32-9, 1983.
Branowitz SA, Starrett B, Brookner AR. Carotene deficiency in HIV patients. AIDS 10(1):115, 1996.
Burton GW, Ingold KU. Beta-carotene. An unusual type of lipid antioxidant. Scicnce 224: 569-573, 1984.
Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM, Medford FH. The 'ideal' daily vitamin A intake. Int J Vit Nutr Res 46: 11-13, 1976.
Chole Q. Vitamin A in the cochlea. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 124:379-82, 1978.
Comstock GW et al. Serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and retinol preceding the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 56: 323-5, 1997.
Connett JE, Kuller KH, Kjelsberg MO et al. Relationship between carotenoids and cancer. Cancer 64: 126-134, 1989.
Coutsoudis A, Bobat R, Coovadia H. The effects of vitamin-A supplementation on the morbidity of children born to HIV-infected women. Am J Public Health 85; (8):1076-81, 1995.
Delmas-Beauvieux M-C, Peuchant E, Couchouron A, et al. The enzymatic antioxidant system in blood and glutathione status in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients: Effects of supplementation with selenium or carotene. Am J Clin Nutr 64: 101-7, 1996.
DiMascio P, Murphy ME, Sies H. Antioxidant defense systems the role of carotenoids, tocopherols and thiols. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 194S-200S, 1991.
Eldred GE. Vitamins A and E in RPE lipofuscin formation and implications for age-related macular degeneration. Prog Clin Biol Res 314: 113-29, 1989.
Ferreira R et al. Antioxidant action of vitamins A and E in patients submitted to coronary bypass surgery. Vasc Surg 25: 191-195, 1991.
Gaby SK, Singh VN. Vitamin intake and health: A scientific review. New York: Marcel Dekker. p 29-57, 1991.
Gershoff SN, McGandy RB. The effects of vitamin A-deficient diets containing lactose in producing bladder calculi and tumors in rats. Am J Clin Nutr 34: 483, 1981.
Goodman DS. Vitamin A and retinoids in heath and disease. N Eng J Med 310: 1023-1031, 1984.
Hayes KC. Retinal degeneration in monkeys induced by deficiencies of vitamin E or A. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 13:7:499-510, 1974.
Honkanen V et al. Vitamins A and E, retinol binding protein and zinc in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 7: 465-9, 1989.
Honkanen VEA et al. Serum cholesterol and vitamins A and E in juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 8: 187-91, 1990.
Liao CH, Erdman JW, Johnston PV. Dietary vitamin A deficiency and the immune system in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nutr Res 16: 279-92, 1996.
Lohle E. The influence of chronic vitamin A deficiency on human and animal ears. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 234:167-73, 1982.
Mckeown LA. Beta carotene lifts CD4 counts. Study reported in Medical Tribune Feb. 25, p. 1. 1993.
Mobarhan S, Bowen P, Andersen B et al. Effects of beta-carotene repletion on beta-carotene absorption, lipid peroxidation, and neutrophil superoxide formation in young men. Nutr Cancer 14: 195-206, 1990.
Newbold PCH. Beta-carotene in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 95: 100-1, 1976.
Olson JA. Vitamin A. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington DC: Intemational Life Sciences Press. p 109-119, 1996.
Oson JA. Provitamin A function of carotenoids. Thc conversion of B-carotene to Vitamin A. J Nutr 119: 105-108, 1989.
Paganini-Hill A, Chao A, Ross RK et al. Vitamin A, beta carotene and the risk of cancer. A prospective study. J Natl Cancer Inst 79: 443-448, 1987.
Palgi A. Association between dietary changes and morality rates; Israel 1949 to 1977; a trend-free regression model. Am J Clin Nutr 34: 1569-1583, 1981.
Prince MR, Frisoli JK. Beta-carotene accumulation in serum and skin. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 57: 175-181, 1993.
Pryor WA. The antioxidant nutrients and disease prevention what do we know and what do we need to find out? Am J Clin Nutr 53: 391S-393S, 1991.
Riemersma RA, Wood DA, MacIntyre CCH, et al. Risk of angina pectoris and plasma concentrations of vitamins A, C and E and carotene. Lancet 337:1-5, 1991.
Romeo G. The therapeutic effect of vitamins A and E in neurosensory hearing loss. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol 7 Suppl:85-92, 1985.
Sahyoun NR et al. Carotenoids, vitamins C and E, and mortality in an elderly population. Am J Epidemiol 144:5:501-11, 1996.
Sappey C et al. Vitamin, Trace element and Peroxide status in HIV seropositive patients: Asymptomatic patients present a severe Carotene Deficiency. Clin Clim Acta 230:35-42, 1994.
Semba R, Graham N, Caiaffa W, et al. Increased Mortality associated with Vitamin A Deficiency during Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 infection. Arch Intern Med 153:2149-54, 1993.
Semba RD, Park S, Royal W, Griffin DE. Vitamin A deficiency and T-cell subpopulation in HIV-infected adults. Nutr Res 16:915-23, 1996.
Sommer A., West, KP. The duration of the effect of vitamin A supplementation. Am J Public Health 1997; 87: 467, 1997.
Salonen JT. Risk of cancer in relation to serum concentrations of selenium and vitamins A and E: matched case-control analysis of prospective data. Br Mcd J 1985, 290: 417-420, 1985.
Schauss AG. Beta-carotene and the incidence of lung cancer in Finnish male smokers. A critique. Q Rev Natural Med 191-195, 1994.
Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, et al. Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. JAMA 272:1413-20, 1994.
Stahelin HB, Gey KB, Eichholzer M et al. Beta-carotene and cancer prevention. The Basel Study. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 265S-269S, 1991.
Street DA et al. Serum antioxidants and myocardial infarction: Are low levels of carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol risk factors for myocardial infarction? Circulation 90;3:1154-61, 1994.
Tang AM et al. Association between Serum Vitamin A and E levels and HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS 11:613-20, 1997.
Underwood BA. Was the 'anti-infective' vitamin misnamed? Nutr Rev 52: 140-143, 1994.
Vitale S et al. Plasma vitamin C, E and beta carotene levels and risk of cataract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:723, 1991.
Weisburger J. Nutritional approach to cancer prevention with emphasis on vitamins, antioxidants, and carotenoids. Am J Clin Nutr 53: S226-237, 1991.
Werler MA, Lammer EJ, Mitchell AA. Teratogenicity of high vitamin A intake. Letter. N Eng J Med 334: 1195, 1995.
White WS, Kim Cl, Kalkwarf HJ et al. Ultraviolet light-induced reduction in plasma carotenoid levels. Am J Clin Nutr 47: 879-883, 1988.
Willette W. Nutritional epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press. p 292-310, 1990.
Ziegler RG. Vegetables, fruits and carotenoids and the risk of cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 251S-259S, 1991.
Biotin
Maebashi M et al. Therapeutic Evaluation of the Effect of Biotin on Hyperglycemia in Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Biochem Nutr 14: 211-8, 1993.
Reddi A, De Angelis B, Frank O et al. Biotin Supplementation Improves Glucose and Insulin Tolerances in Genetically Diabetic KK Mice. Life Sci 42: 1323-30, 1988.
Vitamin B1, thiamine
Allison JR. The relation of hydrochloric acid and vitamin B complex deficiency in certain skin diseases. South Med J 38: 235-241, 1945.
Bendich A, Cohen M. Nutrition and Immunology. New York: Alan R. Liss. p 101-123, 1988.
Butterworth RF et al. Thiamin deficiency in AIDS. Lancet 338:1086, 1991.
Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Setyaadmadja AT et al. Thiamin consumption and cardiovascular complaints. J Am Geriatrics Soc 15: 1074-1079, 1967.
Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Setyaadmadja AT et al. Carbohydrate consumption and cardiovascular complaints. Angiology 18: 224-230, 1967.
Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Medford FH et al. The 'ideal' daily vitamin B, intake. J Oral Med 33: 77-79, 1978.
Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr. How much refined carbohydrate should we eat? Am Lab 6: 31-35, 1974.
Cummings F, Briggs M, Briggs, M. Vitamins in human biology and medicine. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 1981.
Iber FL, Blass JP, Brin M et al. Thiamin in the elderly-relation to alcoholism and to neurological degenerative disease. Am J Clin Nutr 6: 1067-1082, 1982.
Lonsdale DA. Nutritionist's guide to the clinical use of vitamin B1. Tacoma, WA: Life Sciences Press. p 1-209, 1987.
Lonsdale D. Red cell transketolase studies in a private practice specializing in nutritional correction. J Am Coll Nutr 7: 61-68, 1988.
Rindi, G. Thiamin. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington DC: International Life Sciences Press. p 160-166, 1996.
Ropert R. Utilisation de la Vitamine B1 fortes doses dans le traitement de divers syndromes douloureux facio-céphaliques. Sem Hôp 4:508-9, 1958 (in French).
Shils ME, Young VR. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 7th edn. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. p 358, 1988.
Vitamin B2, riboflavine
Belko AZ, Obarzanek E, Kalkwarf HJ et al. Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements of young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1983 37: 509-517.
Belko AZ, Obazanek E, Roach R et al. Effects of aerobic exercise and weight loss on riboflavin requirements of moderately obese, marginally deficient young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1984; 40: 553-561.
Belko AZ, Meredith MP, Kalkwarf HJ et al. Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements. Biological validation in weight reducing women. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 41: 270-277.
Bendich A, Cohen M. Nutrition and Immunology. New York: Alan R. Liss. 1988: p. 114.
Beutler E. Glutathione reductase. Stimulation in normal subjects by riboflavin supplementation. Science 1969; 165: 614-615.
Goodwin JS, Garry PJ. Relationship between megadose vitamin supplementation and immunological function in a healthy elderly population. Clin Exp Immunol 1983; 51: 647-653.
Joint, FAO/WHO Expert Group. Riboflavin. WHO Technical Report Series No. 362. 1967: p. 86.
Prchal JT, Conrad ME, Skalka HW. Association of presenile cataracts with heterozygosity for glactosaemic states and riboflavin deficiency. Lancet 1978; i: 12-143.
Rivlin RS. Riboflavin. In: Ziegler EE, Filer LJ Jr, eds. Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington DC: International Life Sciences Press. 1996: p 167-173.
Salim-Hanna M, Edwards AM, Silva E. A photo-induced adduct between a vitamin and an essential amino acid: binding of riboflavin to tryptophan. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1987; 57: 155-159.
Schoenen J, Jacquay J, Lenaerts M. Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 1998; 50: 466-470.
Schoenen J, Lenaerts M, Bastings E. High-dosc riboflavin as a prophylactic treatment of migraine: results of an open pilot study. Cephalalgia 1994; 14: 328-329.
Skalka HW, Prchal JT. Cataracts and riboflavin deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34: 861-863.
Webster RP, Gawde MD, Bhattacharya RK. Modulation of carcinogen-induced DNA damage and repair enzyme activity by dietary riboflavin. Cancer Lett 1996; 98: 129-135.
Weisburger J. Nutritional approach to cancer prevention with emphasis on vitamins, antioxidants, and cartenoids. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: S226-227.
Vitamin B3, niacin and niacinamide
Alhadeff L, Gualtieri GT, Lipton M. Toxic effects of water-soluble vitamins. Nutr Rev 1984; 42: 33-40.
Bendich A, Cohen M. Nutrition and immunology. New York: Alan R. Liss. 1988: p 114-115.
Carlson LA, Hamsten A, and Asplund A. Pronounced Lowering of Serum Levels of Lipoprotein Lp(a) in Hyperlipidaemic Subjects Treated with Nicotinic Acid, J Intern Med 226, 1989: 271-6.
Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Medford FH. The 'ideal' daily niacin intake. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1976; 46: 58-60.
Cleary JP. Vitamin B3 in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Case Reports and Review of the Literature. J Nutr Med 1: 217-25, 1990.
DiPalma JR and Thayer WS, Use of Niacin as a Drug, Ann Rev Nutr 11; 169-87, 1991.
Einstein N, Baker A, Galper J et al. Jaundice due to nicotinic acid therapy. Am J Digest Dis 1975; 20: 282-286.
El-Enein AMA et al., The Role of Nicotinic Acid and Inositol Hexaniacinate as Anticholesterolemic and Antilipemic Agents, Nutr Rep Intl 28, 1983: 899-911.
Figge HL, Figge J, Souney PF et al. Nicotinic acid. A review of its clinical use in the treatment of lipid disorders. Pharmacotherapy 1988; 8: 287-294.
Gaby SK. Vitamin intake and health: A scientific review. New York: Marcel Dekker. 1991: p 189-192. Goldsmith GA, Miller ON, Unglaub WG. Efficiency of tryptophan as a niacin precursor in man. J Nutr 1961; 73: 172-176. Grundy SM. Drug therapy in dyslipidemia. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1990; 50: 63-72.
Illingworth DR et al., Comparative Effects of Lovastatin and Niacin in Primary Hypercholesterolemia, Arch Intern Med 154, 1994:1586-95. Jacob, RA, Swendseid, ME. Niacin. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington DC: International Life Sciences Press. 1996: p 184-190.
Jonas WB et al. The effect of niacinamide on osteoarthritis: a pilot study. Inflamm Res 45: 330-4, 1996.
Lefavi R. Lipid-lowering effects of a dietary nicotinic acid-chromium III complex in male athletes. FASEB J 5;6:A1645, 1991.
Lefavi R et al. Lipid-lowering effect of a dietary chromium III-nicotinic acid complex in male athletes. Nutr Res 13:239-49, 1993.
Luria MH. Effect of low-dose niacin on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. Arch Intern Med 148: 2493-5, 1988.
Mandrup Paulsen T. Nicitinamide in the Prevention of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metabol Rev 9: 295-309, 1993.
McKenney JM et al., A Comparison of the Efficacy and Toxic Effects of Sustained- vs Immediate-Release Niacin in Hypercholesterolemic Patients, JAMA 271, 1994: 672-7.
O'Hara J, Jolly PN, Nicol CG. The therapeutic efficacy of inositol nicotinate (I lexopal) in intermittent claudication of a controlled trial. Br J Clin Practice 1988; 42: 377-383.
Patterson JI, Brown RR, Lindswiler H et al. Exertion of tryptophan-niacin metabolites by young men. Effects of tryptophan, leucine, and vitamin B6 intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 1980; 33: 2157-2167.
Pocoit F, Reimers JI and Andersen HU. Nicotinamide: Biological Actions and Therapeutic Potential in Diabetes Prevention. Diabetologia 36: 574-76, 1993.
Pozzilli P et al. The Potential Role of Nicotinamide in the Secondary Prevention of IDDM. Diabetes Metabol Rev 9: 219-30, 1993.
Salem and Abdel M. The Role of Nicotinic Acid and Inositol Hexaniacinate as Anticholesterolemic and Antilipemic Agents. Nutr Rep Intl 28: 899-911, 1983.
Urberg M and Zemel MB. Evidence for Synergism Between Chromium and Nicotinic Acid in the Control of Glucose Tolerance in Elderly Humans. Metabolism 36: 896-99, 1987.
Urberg M et al. Hypocholesterolemic effect of nicotinic acid and chromium supplementation. J Fam Pract 27;6:603-6, 1988.
Vega GL and Crundy SM. Lipoprotein Responses to Treatment with Lovastatin, Gemfibrozil, and Nicotinic Acid in Normolipidemic Patients with Hypoalphalipoproteinemia, Arch Intern Med 154: 73-82, 1994.
Welsh AL and Ede M, Inositol Hexanicotinate for Improved Nicotinic Acid Therapy, Int Record Med 174: 9-15, 1961.
Vitamin B5, pantothenic acid
Barton-Wright EC, Elliott WA. The Pantothenic Acid Metabolism of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Lancet ii: 862-3, 1963.
Fry PC et al. Metabolic response to a pantothenic acid deficient diet in humans. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 22: 339-46, 1976.
Welsh AL. Lupus erythematosus: Treatment by combined use of massive amounts of pantothenic acid and vitamin E. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 70: 181-98, 1954.
Vitamin B6, pyridoxine
Annand JC. Pyridoxine and magnesium in the treatment of shock. Lancet ii: 340-1, 1957.
Antopol W, Schotland CE. The use of vitamin B6 in pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. JAMA, March 23, 1940, pp. 1058-9.
Barr W, Pyridoxine Supplements in the Premenstrual Syndrome, Practitioner 228 (1984): 425-7.
Bassler KH. Megavitamin therapy with pyridoxine. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1988; 58: 105-118.
Berman MK, et al. Vitamin B6 in Premenstrual Syndrom, J Am Diet Assoc 90 (1990): 859-61.
Brattström L et al. Impaired homocysteine metabolism in early-onset cerebral and peripheral occlusive arterial disease. Effects of pyridoxine and folic acid treatment. Atherosclerosis 81:1:51-60, 1990.
Brattström L, Stavenow L, Galvard H, et al. Pyridoxine reduces cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein and increases antithrombin III activity in 80-year-old men with low plasma pyridoxal 5-phosphate. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 50:8:873-7, 1990.
Bum MK et al. Association of Vitamin B6 Status with Parameters of Immune Function in Early HIV-1 Infection. J AIDS 4:122-32, 1991.
Caby SK. Vitamin intake and health: A scientific review. New York: Marcel Dekker. 1991: p 163- 74.
Cohen M, Bendich A. Safety of pyridoxine - a review of human and animal studies. Toxicol Letters 1986 34: 129-139.
Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of the intake of vitamins C and B6, and the risk of kidney stones in men. J Urol 155:61847-51, 1996.
Dalery K et al. Homocysteine and coronary artery disease in French Canadian subjects: Relation with vitamins B12, B6, pyridoxal phosphate and folate. Am J Cardiol 75:1107-11, 1995.
Dalton K, Dalton MJT. Characteristics of pyridoxine overdose neuropathy syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 76: 8-11, 1987.
Driskell JA, Wesley RL, Hess IE. Effectiveness of pyridoxine hydrochloride treatment on carpal tunnel syndrome patients. Nutr Rep Int 1986; 34: 103-1040, 1986.
Ellis JM. Vitamin B6 deficiency and rheumatism. Anabolism Winter 1985.
Folkers K, Morita M, McRee Jr. J. The activities of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B6 for immune response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 193:88-92, 1993.
Gaby AR. The safe use of vitamin B6 J Nutr Med 1: 153-157, 1990.
Gershoff SN, Prien EL. Excretion of urinary metabolites in calcium oxalate urolithiasis: Effect of tryptophan and vitamin B6 administration. Am J Clin Nutr 8:812, 1960.
Gershoff S, Prien EL. Effect of daily MgO and vitamin B6 administration to patients with recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones. Am J Clin Nutr 20:393-399, 1967.
Gibbs DA, Watts RWE. The action of pyridoxine in primary hyperoxaluria. Clin.Sci 38:277-86, 1970.
Gvozdova LG, Paramonova EG, Goriachenkova EV et al. The content of pyridoxal coenzymes in the blood plasma of patients with coronary atherosclerosis on a background of therapeutic diet and after supplemental intake of vitamin B6. Vop Pitan 1966; 25: 40-44.
Hallert C, Astrom J, Walan A. Reversal of psychopathology in adult coeliac disease with the aid of pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Scand J Gastroenterol 18; (2):299-304, 1983.
Harrison AR et al. Hyperoxaluria and recurrent stone formation apparently cured by short course of pyridoxine. Br Med J 282: 2097-8, 1981.
Jaeger P. et al. Idiopathic hyperoxaluria cured by a short course of pyridoxine B6: Further evidence for B6-deficiency. Abstract. Clin Res 34, 2:546A, 1962.
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Folic acid, folate (vitamin B-9)
Alpert JE, Fava, M. Nutrition and depression. The role of folate. Nutr Rev 1997; 55: 145-149.
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Vitamin B12
Allen, LH, Casterline J. Vitamin Bl2 deficiency in elderly individuals. diagnosis and requirements. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 60: 12-14.
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Doscherholmen A, Swaim WR. Impaired assimilation of egg 57 Co vitamin Bl2 in patients with hypochlorhydria and achlorhydria and after gastric resection. Gastroenterol 1973; 64: 913-919.
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Shils ME, Young VR. Modem Nutrition in Health and Disease. 7th edn. Lea and Febiger. 1988: p 401-404.
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Ubbink JB, Vermaak WJH, van der Merwe A, Becker PJ. Vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate nutritional status in men with hyperhomocysteinemia. Am J Clin Nutr 57: 47-53, 1993.
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Vitamin C
Anderson R, Oosthuizen R, Maritz R et al. Effects of increasing weekly doses of ascorbate on certain cellular and humoral immune functions in normal volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 33: 71-76, 1980.
Atkins GL et al. Quantitative aspects of ascorbic acid metabolism in man. J Biol Chem 239:2975-80, 1964.
Baetgen D. Results of the treatment of epidemic hepatitis in children with high doses of ascorbic acid in the years 1957 - 1958. Medizinische Monatschrift 15:30-36, 1961 (in German).
Baird IM et al. The effects of ascorbic acid and flavonoids on the occurrence of symptoms normally associated with the common cold. Am J Clin Nutr 32: 1686-90, 1979.
Baur H, Staub H. Treatment of hepatitis with infusions of ascorbic acid: Comparison with other therapies. Abstract. JAMA 156; (5):565, 1954.
Bendich A, Langseth L. The health effects of vitamin C supplementation. A review J Am Col Nutr 1995,14: 124 136.
Belfield, WO, Stone, I. Megascorbic prophylaxis and megascorbic therapy: A new orthomolecular modality in veterinary medicine. Journal of the International Academy of Preventive Medicine, 2:10-26, 1975.
Bjelke E. Epidemiologic studies of cancer of the stomach, colon and rectum; with special emphasis on diet. Scand J Gastroenterol 9: 1-235S, 1974.
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Blondin J et al. Prevention of eye lens protein damage by dietary vitamin C. Fed Proc 45:478, 1986.
Bordia A et al. Effect of vitamin C on platelet adhesiveness and platelet aggregation in coronary artery disease patients. Clin Cardiol 810:552-4, 1985.
Bouton SM Jr. Vitamin C and the aging eye. Arch Intern Med 63:930-45, 1939.
Brighthope I. AIDS - Remissions using nutrient therapies and megadose intravenous ascorbate. Int Clin Nutr Rev 7; (2):53-75, 1987.
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Calleja HB, Brooks RH. Acute hepatitis treated with high doses of vitamin C. Ohio State Med J 56:821-3, 1960.
Cameron, E, Pauling, L. Supplemental ascorbate in the supportive treatment of cancer: Prolongation of survival times in terminal human cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 73:3685-3689, 1976.
Cameron, E, Pauling, L. The orthomolecular treatment of cancer: Rereviewuation of prolongation of survival times in terminal human cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75:4538-4542, 1978.
Cameron, E, Pauling, L. Cancer and Vitamin C. The Linus Pauling Institute for Science and Medicine, Menlo Park, 1979.
Campbell, GD Jr., Steinberg, MH and Bower, JD. Ascorbic acid induced hemolysis in G-6-PD deficiency. Ann. Int. Med. 82:810, 1975.
Carr AB, Einstein R, Lai LYC, et al. Vitamin C and the common cold: Using identical twins as controls. Med J Aust 2: 8: 411-12, 1981.
Cathcart, RF. Clinical trial of vitamin C. Medical Tribune, June 25, 1975.
Cathcart, RF. Clinical use of large doses of ascorbic acid. Presented at the annual meeting of the California Orthomolecular Medical Society, San Francisco, February 19, 1976.
Cathcart, RF. Vitamin C as a detoxifying agent. Presented at the annual meeting of the Orthomolecular Medical Society, San Francisco, January 21, 1978.
Cathcart, RF. Vitamin C - The missing stress hormone. Presented at the annual meeting of the Orthomolecular Medical Society, San Francisco, March 3, 1979.
Cathcart, RF. The method of determining proper doses of vitamin C for the treatment of disease by titrating to bowel tolerance. J. Orthomolecular Psychiatry, 10:125-132, 1981.
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Cathcart, RF. The third face of vitamin C. J Orthomol Med 7: 197-200, 1992. Chakrabarty S, Nandi A, Mukhopadhyay C, et al. Protective role of ascorbic acid against lipid peroxidation and myocardial injury. Mol Cell Biochem 111:41-7, 1992.
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Chandra DB et al. Vitamin C in the human aqueous humor and cataracts. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 56:165-9, 1986.
Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Michael DW et al. Daily vitamin C consumption and reported respiratory findings. Int J Vit Nutr Res 43: 42-55, 1973.
Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr. Vitamin C and chronologic versus bone age. J Tenn Dent Assoc 57: 177-178, 1974.
Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Medford FH. Daily vitamin C consumption and fatigability. J Am Geriatr Soc 24; (3): 136-7, 1976.
Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Medford FH. The 'ideal' daily vitamin C intake. J Med Assoc State Alabama 1977; 46: 39-40.
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Minerals in general
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Calcium
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Chromium
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Copper
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Iodine
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Iron
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Magnesium
Abraham AS, Eylath U et al. Serum magnesium levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction. New Eng J Med 296: 862-863, 1977.
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Manganese
Baly DL, Curry DL, Keen CL, Hurley LS. Effect of manganese deficiency on insulin secretion and homeostasis in rats. J Nutr 1984; 114: 1438-1446.
Beisel WR. Single nutrients and immunity. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 35: 456.
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Cotzias GC et al. Slow turnover of manganese in active rheumatoid arthritis and acceleration by prednisone. J Clin Invest 47:992, 1968.
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Greger JL, Baligar P, Abernathy RP et al. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, coppcr, and manganese balance in adolescent females. Am J Clin Nutr 1978; 31: 117-121.
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Selenium
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Bruce A et al. The effect of selenium and vitamin E on glutathione peroxidase levels and subjective symptoms in patients with arthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis, in Proc N Z Workshop on Trace Elements in N Z. Dunedin, U. of Otago, 1981: 92.
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Fletcher MP, Gershwin ME, Keen CL et al. Trace element deficiences and immune responsiveness in humans and animal models. In: Chandra RK, ed. Nutrition and immunology. New York: Alan R, Liss. p 215-239, 1988.
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James S et al. Effekter av selenvitamin E-behandling till kvinnor med lång variga arbetsrelaterade nack-och skuldersmärtor. En dubbelblindstudie. Läkaresällskapets Riksstämma, 1985.
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Munthe E, Aaseth J. Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Selenium and Vitamin E. Scan J of Rheumatol 53 (suppl.): 103, 1984.
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Shamberger RJ, Frost DV. rossible protective effect of selenium against human cancer. Can Med Assoc J 1969; 100: 682.
Shamberger RJ. Biochemistry of selenium. New York: Plenum. 1983.
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Tarp U et al. Selenium Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Scandinavian J of Rheumatol 14: 364-8, 1985.
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Van Rij AM et al. Selenium deficiency in total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 32:2076-85, 1979.
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Zinc
Aamodt RL, Rumble WF, Johnston GS et al. Absorption of orally administrated 65Zn by normal human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34: 2648-2652.
Bales CW, Freeland-Graves JH, Askey S et al. Zinc, magnesium, copper, and protein concentrations in human saliva. Age- and sex-related differences. Am J Clin Nutr 1990, 51: 462-469.
Balogh Z et al. Plasma Zinc and its relationship to clinical symptoms and drug treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 39(4): 329-32, 1980.
Berg JM, Shi Y. The galvanization of biology. A growing appreciation for the roles of zinc. Science 1996; 271: 1081-1085.
Brody I. Topical treatment of recurrent herpes simplex and post-herpetic erythema multiforme with low concentrations of zinc sulphate solution. Br J Dermatol 104(2):191-4, 1981.
Caselli M, Bicocchi R. Taux serique du zinc chez les malades atteints du syndrome d'immunodeficit acquis. Presse Med 37:1877-8, 1986 (in French).
Cunnigham-Rundles S, Cunningham-Rundles WF. Nutrition and immunology. New York: Alan R. Liss. 1988: p 197-214.
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DeBartolo HM Jr. Zinc and diet for tinnitus. Am J Otol 10; 3: 256, 1989.
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Engel ED et al. Diabetes melitus: Impaired Wound Healing from Zinc Deficiency. J Am Pod Assoc 71: 536-44, 1981.
Finnerty EF. Topical zincin the treatment of herpes simplex. Cutis 37; (2):130-1, 1986.
Fitzherbert J. Genital herpes and zinc. Med J Aust 1:399, 1979.
Gersdorff M et al. The zinc sulfate overload test in patients suffering from tinnitus associated with low serum zinc. Preliminary report. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 41; 3: 498-505, 1987.
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Gibson RS, Anderson BM, Scythes CA. Regional differences in hair zinc concentrations. A possible effect of water hardness. Am J Clin Nutr 1983; 37: 37-42.
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Gordon YJ et al. Irreversible inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication in BSC-1 cells by zinc ions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 8; (3):377-80, 1975.
Grennan DM et al. Serum copper and zinc in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. N Z Med J 91; 652: 47-50, 1980.
Hambidge KM. Zinc deficiency in young children. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 160-161.
Haring BSA, Van Delft W. Changes in the mineral composition of food as a result of cooking in 'hard' and 'soft' waters. Arch Environ Health 1981; 36: 33-35.
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Huber AM, Gershoff SN. Effects of zinc deficiency on the oxidation of retinol and ethanol in rats. J Nutr 10:11:1486-90, 1975.
King JC, Hambidge KM, Westcott JL et al. Daily variation in plasma zinc concentrations in women fed meals at six-hour intervals. J Nutr 1994; 124: 508-516.
King JC. Does poor zinc nutriture retard skeletal growth and mineralization in adolescents? Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 64: 375-376.
Kondo T, Toda Y, Matsui H. Effects of exercise and sleep deprivation on serum zinc. J Trace Elem Exp Med 1990; 3: 324-354, 1990.
Koyama H, Hosokai H, Tamura S et al. Positive association between serum zinc and apolipoprotein A-II concentrations in middle-aged males who regularly consume alcohol. Am J Clin Nutr 57: 657-661, 1993.
Krebs NF, Reidinger CJ, Hartley S et al. Zinc supplementation during lactation. Effects on maternal status and milk zinc concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 61: 1030-1036, 1995.
Krotkiewski M et al. Zinc and muscle strength and endurance. Acta Physiol Scand 116; 3: 309-11, 1982.
Mahajan S, Prasad A, Brewer G et al. Effect of changes in dietary zinc intake on taste acuity and dark adaptation in normal human subjects. J Trace Elem Exp Med 5: 33-45, 1992.
Mares-Perlman JA et al. Association of zinc and antioxidant nutrients with age-related maculopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 114:991-7, 1996.
Masters DG, Keen CL, Lonnerdal B, Hurley LS. Zinc deficiency teratogenicity. The protective role of maternal tissue catabolism. J Nutr 113: 905-912, 1983.
Mattingly PC et al. Zinc Sulphate in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheuma Dis 41: 456-7, 1982.
Meadows NJ, Ruse W, Smith MF et al. Zinc and small babies. Lancet 2: 1135-1137, 1981.
Menkes C-J et al. Traitement de la polyarthrite rheumatoide par le sulfate de zinc par os. Presse Med 7: 760, 1978 (French).
Mobarhan S et al. Dietary zinc deficiency produces electroretinogram ERG abnormalities without depleting total ocular zinc. Fed Proc 43:685, 1984.
Mocchegiani E, Veccia S, Ancarani F, et al. Benefit of Oral Zinc supplementation (as an adjunct to Zidovudine (AZT)) Therapy against Opportunistic Infections in AIDS. Int J Immunopharmacol 17; (9):719-27, 1995.
Moser-Veillon PB, Reynolds RD. A longitudinal study of pyridoxine and zinc supplementation of lactating women. Am Clin Nutr 52: 135-141, 1990.
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Mussalo-Rauhamaa H et al. Predictive clinical and laboratory parameters for serum zinc and copper in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 47; 10: 816-19, 1988.
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Sandstead HH. WO Atwater memorial lecture. Zinc. Essentially for brain dcvelopment and function. Nutr Rev 1985; 43: 129-137, 1985.
Schauss AG, Bryce-Smith D. Nutrients and brain function. Basil: Karger. p 151-162, 1987.
Shah DR et al. Effect of oral zinc sulphate on serum lipids and lipoproteins in human subjects. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 32;1:47-50, 1988.
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Svenson KL et al. Reduced zinc in peripheral blood cells from patients with inflammatory connective tissue diseases. Inflammation 9; 2: 189-99, 1985.
Takihara H, Cosentino MJ, Cockett AT. Effect of low-dose androgen and zinc sulfate on sperm motility and seminal zinc levels in infertile men. Urology 22: 160, 1983.
Taper LJ, Oliva JT, Ritchey SJ. Zinc and copper retention during pregnancy. The adequacy of prenatal diets with and without dietary supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 41: 1184-1192, 1985.
Taylor CM, Bacon JR, Aggett PJ et al. Homeostatic regulation of zinc absorption and endogenous losses in zinc-deprived men. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 755-763, 1991.
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References:
Pizzorno
Werbach
Various books on diseases
(Note: There are still more scientific references on the beneficial effects
of vitamins and minerals).
Tamara Thérèsa
MayDay
Denmark